Enhancing Cancer Vaccine Effectiveness with Bacterial Plasma Membranes to Prevent Tumor Recurrence

Cancer, one of the biggest nightmare in the history of human diseases, is also known as the king of diseases because of its complexity and incurable nature. Even in today’s highly developed medical technology, when it comes to cancer, it is always natural to associate it with death, especially advanced cancer.
In recent years, the emergence of cancer immunotherapy has completely changed the current pattern of cancer treatment. However, the immunocheckpoint blocking therapy has not been effective for most cancers, and car-t cell therapy has not been able to overcome solid tumors. Therefore, for solid tumor patients, surgery is still the first treatment, but many patients will still have tumor recurrence and metastasis after operation.
The recurrence and metastasis of tumor after operation are closely related to the anti-tumor immune state of the body. Therefore, cancer vaccine has become a promising treatment method for tumor resection patients. However, because the tumor tissue is often not very immunogenic, this limits the efficacy of cancer vaccine. It is a promising strategy to overcome this limitation to use bacterial components as adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity. However, this nonspecific stimulation of the immune system may cause adverse reactions.
Recently, researcher Nie Guangjun and researcher Wu Yan of national Nano Science Center, in cooperation with Academician zhaoyuliang, published a research paper entitled “scientific cytolasmic MEMS synergy enhancement the anti activity of automatic cancer success” in the journal Science Translation medicine, Important progress has been made in the design of personalized nano tumor vaccine.
The team creatively integrated the plasma membrane of E.coli cells and the tumor cell membrane into nanoparticles, and developed a new personalized cancer vaccine. The experimental results showed that after the tumor resection, these hybrid membrane nanoparticles induced strong tumor specific immunity response and improved the survival rate of mice, It can protect mice from tumor attack again for a long time.
Moreover, no side effects such as over stimulation of immune system caused by bacterial cell wall pollution were found. The results show that the personalized autotumor antigen vaccine based on the bacterial membrane can activate the innate immune system effectively, which has great potential in personalized treatment of patients after cancer surgery.
Cancer vaccine is to induce the immune response of the body to kill tumor cells. Because of the systemic and systemic characteristics of the immune response, this therapy can not only kill the tumor lesions remaining after operation, but also can effectively act on the cells transferred from the far end, and the range of action is more specific and extensive than other treatment methods.
According to the cell structure of tumor cells and bacteria, the team skillfully used nanotechnology to display the tumor cell membrane containing tumor antigen information and bacterial intima containing adjuvant information on the surface of polymer nanoparticles to prepare personalized hybrid membrane nano tumor vaccine.
In order to trigger enough anti-tumor response specifically without significant side effects, the team presented tumor cell membrane (TM) containing tumor antigen information and E.coli cell membrane (EM) containing adjuvant information on the surface of polymer nanoparticles, and developed co delivery nanoparticles vaccine based on antigen and adjuvant.
As an external adjuvant, the bacterial membrane component in the co delivery nanoparticles vaccine can be recognized by the immune system rapidly, which makes nanoparticles absorbed by dendritic cells, and thus improves the delivery and presentation efficiency of tumor antigens.
Next, the team tested the efficacy of the vaccine in a mouse model of colorectal cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. The results showed that the vaccine could induce strong specific anti-tumor immune response, effectively inhibit tumor recurrence, and even effectively induce tumor regression and prolong survival time.
More importantly, the vaccine can effectively induce the production of CD8 + T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and prevent tumor invasion again.
In general, the study shows that the personalized autotumor antigen vaccine based on the bacterial membrane can activate the innate immune system effectively, which has great potential in personalized treatment of patients after cancer surgery.
The preparation process and mechanism of hybrid membrane nanotumor vaccine
Chen long, Qin Hao and Zhao Ruifang, the National Center for nanotechnology, are co authors of the article. The co authors of the article are deputy researcher zhaoruifang, researcher Wuyan, academician zhaoyuliang and researcher Nie Guangjun.